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Core Concepts

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This guide introduces the fundamental concepts of MAIF and how they work together.

What is MAIF?

MAIF (Multimodal Artifact File Format) is an AI-native file format designed for:

  • Storing multimodal content (text, images, video, audio, embeddings)
  • Built-in security and encryption
  • Privacy features and data anonymization
  • Semantic understanding and search
  • Provenance tracking and auditing

Key Concepts

1. Artifacts

An artifact is a MAIF file (.maif) that serves as a container for related content:

python
from maif_api import create_maif

# Create an artifact
artifact = create_maif("my-agent")

# Add content
artifact.add_text("Document content")
artifact.add_image("photo.jpg")

# Save the artifact
artifact.save("my_artifact.maif")

Artifacts are like enhanced archives that include:

  • Multiple data blocks
  • Cryptographic signatures
  • Metadata and relationships
  • Provenance history

2. Blocks

Blocks are the fundamental units of storage within an artifact:

Artifact
├── Block 1 (Text)
├── Block 2 (Image)
├── Block 3 (Embeddings)
└── Block 4 (Metadata)

Each block contains:

  • Header: ID, type, size, hash
  • Data: The actual content
  • Metadata: Additional information
python
from maif.core import MAIFEncoder

encoder = MAIFEncoder("output.maif", agent_id="demo")

# Each method adds a block
encoder.add_text_block("Text content")
encoder.add_binary_block(binary_data)
encoder.add_embeddings_block(vectors)
encoder.finalize()

3. Agents

An agent ID identifies the creator of artifacts:

python
from maif_api import create_maif

# Agent ID associates artifacts with their creator
maif = create_maif("customer-service-agent")

Agents are used for:

  • Tracking provenance
  • Access control
  • Audit logging

4. Privacy Levels

MAIF supports data classification:

python
from maif.privacy import PrivacyLevel

# Classification levels
PrivacyLevel.PUBLIC        # No restrictions
PrivacyLevel.INTERNAL      # Internal only
PrivacyLevel.CONFIDENTIAL  # Requires authorization
PrivacyLevel.SECRET        # Highly restricted
PrivacyLevel.TOP_SECRET    # Maximum classification

5. Encryption

MAIF supports multiple encryption modes:

python
from maif.privacy import EncryptionMode

# Encryption algorithms
EncryptionMode.AES_GCM           # AES-256-GCM (default)
EncryptionMode.CHACHA20_POLY1305 # ChaCha20
EncryptionMode.HOMOMORPHIC       # Homomorphic (experimental)

Two API Levels

Simple API (maif_api)

High-level, easy-to-use interface:

python
from maif_api import create_maif, load_maif

# Create
maif = create_maif("agent")
maif.add_text("Hello!")
maif.save("output.maif")

# Load
maif = load_maif("output.maif")

Core API (maif.core)

Low-level control for advanced use:

python
from maif.core import MAIFEncoder, MAIFDecoder

# Encode
encoder = MAIFEncoder("output.maif", agent_id="agent")
encoder.add_text_block("Hello!", metadata={...})
encoder.finalize()

# Decode
decoder = MAIFDecoder("output.maif")
for block in decoder.read_blocks():
    process(block)

Data Flow

Writing Data

Application

create_maif() / MAIFEncoder

add_text() / add_image() / etc.

[Privacy Engine] → Encryption/Anonymization

[Security] → Signatures

save() → .maif file

Reading Data

.maif file

load_maif() / MAIFDecoder

[Security] → Verify signatures

[Privacy Engine] → Decryption

read_blocks() → Application

Security Model

Integrity

Every block has a SHA-256 hash for verification:

python
# Verify artifact integrity
if maif.verify_integrity():
    print("File is intact")

Digital Signatures

MAIF uses Ed25519 for all signatures — fast and compact (64 bytes each):

python
from maif.security import MAIFSigner, MAIFVerifier

signer = MAIFSigner(agent_id="signer")
signature = signer.sign_data(data)  # Returns 64-byte Ed25519 signature

verifier = MAIFVerifier()
is_valid = verifier.verify_signature(data, signature, public_key)

Ed25519 provides high security with excellent performance — signing and verification are nearly instant.

Access Control

Control who can access what:

python
from maif.security import AccessControlManager

acm = AccessControlManager()
acm.set_block_permissions("block-id", {
    "read": ["user_a", "user_b"],
    "write": ["admin"]
})

Privacy Features

Encryption

Protect sensitive data:

python
maif = create_maif("agent", enable_privacy=True)
maif.add_text("Secret", encrypt=True)

Anonymization

Mask PII automatically:

python
maif.add_text(
    "John Smith, SSN: 123-45-6789",
    anonymize=True
)
# Becomes: "[NAME], SSN: [SSN]"

Semantic Features

Embeddings

Store vector representations:

python
maif.add_embeddings(
    [[0.1, 0.2, 0.3]],
    model_name="bert"
)

Cross-Modal Attention (ACAM)

Understand relationships across modalities:

python
maif.add_multimodal({
    "text": "A sunset",
    "tags": ["nature"]
}, use_acam=True)

File Structure

MAIF files are self-contained — everything is in a single .maif file:

my_artifact.maif          # Contains all blocks, signatures, provenance, and metadata

The secure format includes:

  • File header with Ed25519 public key and Merkle root
  • Signed blocks with 64-byte signatures
  • Embedded provenance chain for complete audit trail
  • Security section with verification metadata

No external manifest files are required.

Common Patterns

Document Storage

python
maif = create_maif("doc-agent")
maif.add_text(document_content, title="Report")
maif.save("report.maif")

AI Memory

python
maif = create_maif("ai-agent")
maif.add_text(conversation_history)
maif.add_embeddings(context_vectors)
maif.save("memory.maif")

Secure Archive

python
maif = create_maif("secure-agent", enable_privacy=True)
maif.add_text(sensitive_data, encrypt=True)
maif.save("secure.maif")

Terminology

TermDescription
ArtifactA MAIF file containing blocks
BlockUnit of storage with data and metadata
AgentCreator/owner identifier
Privacy LevelData classification
ProvenanceOperation history
ACAMAdaptive Cross-Modal Attention Mechanism
HSCHierarchical Semantic Compression
CSBCryptographic Semantic Binding

Next Steps

Released under the MIT License.